Punctuation

The punctuation of the homeland language is principally permitted, as the differences are very minor. The following simple rules can serve as a guideline:

Period (.)

A narrative sentence ends with a period.
Man raftam. I went.
An indirect question ends with a period.
Az man porsid, cerâ xoŝhâl am. She asked me why I was happy.
Abbreviations usually end with a period.
Teh. (Tehrân) Teh. (Tehran)
The decimal part of a number is separated by a period.
25.05 25.05

Question mark (?)

A question ends with a question mark.
Kojâ raft? Where did he go?
A question mark can be placed after an interrogative pronoun.
Ki? Who?
A question mark can be placed after single words, which symbolize a question.
Na? No?

Exclamation mark (!)

An exclamation ends with an exclamation mark.
Ce qaŝang! How beautiful!
An exclamation mark can be placed after a command, a wish, or a request.
Komak! Help!

Comma (,)

A comma is placed to separate the elements of a series not connected by (or) or va (and).
Râmin, Narges va Ŝivâ ânjâ hastand. Râmin, Narges and Ŝivâ are there.
This also applies to lists of peer groups of words.
Sobhhâ boland miŝavi, sobhâne at râ mixori va be dâneŝgâh miravi. You get up in the morning, eat your breakfast and go to the university.
Detailed provisions and amendments are incorporated by commas.
Râmin, dustam, xeyli lâqar ast. Râmin, my friend, is very thin.
Main clauses and subordinate clauses are separated by a comma.
Vaqt i resid, Mahin hanuz ânjâ bud. When he arrived, Mahin was still there.
A comma should be placed between the main and sub-sentences of a longer sentence, in order to clarify the structure.
Emruz mitavânim be ŝahr beravim(,) yâ inke emŝab bâ baccehâ be sinamâ miravim. Today, we can go to the town (,) or we go with friends to the cinema.
A comma is placed whenever a short pause is required or desired in the sentence.
Ey ostâd e bozorgvâr, az ŝomâ mamnun am. Oh great master, I thank you.
A comma is placed after each three digits to the left for numbers with at least four digits.
25.000 25.000

Semicolon (;)

A semicolon separates sentences and phrases stronger than a comma but not as much as a period.
Mardom kâr râ dust dârand; bedune ân fekr mikonand, ke zende nistand. People like to work; they think that they are not alive without it.
The semicolon is then used to separate the elements of a series, if they include different pairs / groups.
Dar in dâneŝgâh mitavân reŝtehâ ye pezeŝki o dandânpezeŝki; hoquq, eqtesâd va jâme’eŝenâsi xând. You can study medicine and dentistry; law, economics and sociology. 

Colon (:)

A colon occurs before a direct speech.
Âmuzgâr porsid: “Ki pâsox râ midânad?” The teacher asked, “Who knows the answer?”
A colon occurs before a series elements separated by comma.
Mâ be cand ciz niâz dârim: sâlon, musiqi, qazâ va nuŝidani. We need a few things: theater, music, food and drinks.
Announcements and further explanations follow a colon.
Be dalil e zir shab râ ânjâ gozarândam: Mâŝin am xarâb ŝode bud va ta’mirgâh baste bud. Here’s why I stayed there: My car was broken and the garage was closed.
If a complete sentence follows a colon, then the first letter is capitalized.
Be dalil e zir ŝab râ ânjâ gozarândam: Mâŝin am xarâb ŝode bud va ta’mirgâh basté bud. Here’s why I stayed there: My car was broken and the garage was closed.

Quotation marks (“”)

Quotations are enclosed by quotation marks.
Doruq bozorgtarin gonâh be ŝomâr miraft. “Lie was regarded as the greatest sin.”
An indirect speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
Âmuzgâr porsid: “Ki pâsox râ midânad?” The teacher asked, “Who knows the answer?”
Text parts are highlighted by quotation marks in order to comment them on or to indicate distance to them.
Mahnâz fekr mikonad, ke to “afsorde“ ŝode i. Mahnâz thinks you have gotten “depressed”.

Dash (–)

The dash indicates a pause in speech.
Hame tamâm e ruz dar entezâr budand – yekdaf’e âmad. Throughout the day were all on hold suddenly she came.
An explanation of the foregoing is enclosed by dashes.
Emruz sobh – hanuz sobhâne mixordam – be man telefon zad. This morning I had breakfast yet he called me.
A speaker change may be indicated by a dash.
Be pedar gofti? – Bale. Did you say it to the father? Yes.

Ellipsis (…)

Parts of the text could be left by an ellipsis.
Piŝnahâd e Nasrin o … pazirofte ŝod. The proposal of Nasrin and … was accepted.
A period is not needed for ellipsis at the end of the sentence.
Bâzi e xub i bud … Fardâ cekâr mikoni? That was a good game … What are you doing tomorrow?

Apostrophe (‘)

One or more letters of a word as well as one or more digits of a number can be skipped by an apostrophe.
ci ast > ci ‘st va az > v’ az
2012  >  ’12 2012  >  ’12

Brackets ()[]

The parentheses are used for explanatory additions.
In ketâb râ (mote’assefâne) hanuz naxânde am. I have not read this book yet (unfortunately).
If a complete sentence is enclosed in parentheses, then a period is placed before the second parenthesis.
Diruz be bâzâr raftim. (Xaride xubi nabud.) Yesterday we went to the market. (It was not a good shopping.)
Parentheses are also used to indicate an additional option.
ru(y) >  ru yâ ruy ru or ruy (the face)
Square brackets are usually used to indicate a replacement option.
ce[a]ŝm  >  ceŝm yâ caŝm ceŝm or caŝm (the eye)

Slash (/)

Alternatives can be expressed by a slash.
Vorudi e estaxr barâ ye bozorgsâlân / kudakân 12,000/8,000 Tumân ast. The admission of the swimming pool is 12,000/8,000 Tuman for adults/children.
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