The punctuation of the homeland language is principally permitted, as the differences are very minor. The following simple rules can serve as a guideline:
Period (.)
A narrative sentence ends with a period. |
Man raftam. |
I went. |
An indirect question ends with a period. |
Az man porsid, cerâ xoŝhâl am. |
She asked me why I was happy. |
Abbreviations usually end with a period. |
Teh. (Tehrân) |
Teh. (Tehran) |
The decimal part of a number is separated by a period. |
25.05 |
25.05 |
Question mark (?)
A question ends with a question mark. |
Kojâ raft? |
Where did he go? |
A question mark can be placed after an interrogative pronoun. |
Ki? |
Who? |
A question mark can be placed after single words, which symbolize a question. |
Na? |
No? |
Exclamation mark (!)
An exclamation ends with an exclamation mark. |
Ce qaŝang! |
How beautiful! |
An exclamation mark can be placed after a command, a wish, or a request. |
Komak! |
Help! |
Comma (,)
A comma is placed to separate the elements of a series not connected by yâ (or) or va (and). |
Râmin, Narges va Ŝivâ ânjâ hastand. |
Râmin, Narges and Ŝivâ are there. |
This also applies to lists of peer groups of words. |
Sobhhâ boland miŝavi, sobhâne at râ mixori va be dâneŝgâh miravi. |
You get up in the morning, eat your breakfast and go to the university. |
Detailed provisions and amendments are incorporated by commas. |
Râmin, dustam, xeyli lâqar ast. |
Râmin, my friend, is very thin. |
Main clauses and subordinate clauses are separated by a comma. |
Vaqt i resid, Mahin hanuz ânjâ bud. |
When he arrived, Mahin was still there. |
A comma should be placed between the main and sub-sentences of a longer sentence, in order to clarify the structure. |
Emruz mitavânim be ŝahr beravim(,) yâ inke emŝab bâ baccehâ be sinamâ miravim. |
Today, we can go to the town (,) or we go with friends to the cinema. |
A comma is placed whenever a short pause is required or desired in the sentence. |
Ey ostâd e bozorgvâr, az ŝomâ mamnun am. |
Oh great master, I thank you. |
A comma is placed after each three digits to the left for numbers with at least four digits. |
25.000 |
25.000 |
Semicolon (;)
A semicolon separates sentences and phrases stronger than a comma but not as much as a period. |
Mardom kâr râ dust dârand; bedune ân fekr mikonand, ke zende nistand. |
People like to work; they think that they are not alive without it. |
The semicolon is then used to separate the elements of a series, if they include different pairs / groups. |
Dar in dâneŝgâh mitavân reŝtehâ ye pezeŝki o dandânpezeŝki; hoquq, eqtesâd va jâme’eŝenâsi xând. |
You can study medicine and dentistry; law, economics and sociology. |
Colon (:)
A colon occurs before a direct speech. |
Âmuzgâr porsid: “Ki pâsox râ midânad?” |
The teacher asked, “Who knows the answer?” |
A colon occurs before a series elements separated by comma. |
Mâ be cand ciz niâz dârim: sâlon, musiqi, qazâ va nuŝidani. |
We need a few things: theater, music, food and drinks. |
Announcements and further explanations follow a colon. |
Be dalil e zir shab râ ânjâ gozarândam: Mâŝin am xarâb ŝode bud va ta’mirgâh baste bud. |
Here’s why I stayed there: My car was broken and the garage was closed. |
If a complete sentence follows a colon, then the first letter is capitalized. |
Be dalil e zir ŝab râ ânjâ gozarândam: Mâŝin am xarâb ŝode bud va ta’mirgâh basté bud. |
Here’s why I stayed there: My car was broken and the garage was closed. |
Quotation marks (“”)
Quotations are enclosed by quotation marks. |
“Doruq bozorgtarin gonâh be ŝomâr miraft.“ |
“Lie was regarded as the greatest sin.” |
An indirect speech is enclosed in quotation marks. |
Âmuzgâr porsid: “Ki pâsox râ midânad?” |
The teacher asked, “Who knows the answer?” |
Text parts are highlighted by quotation marks in order to comment them on or to indicate distance to them. |
Mahnâz fekr mikonad, ke to “afsorde“ ŝode i. |
Mahnâz thinks you have gotten “depressed”. |
Dash (–)
The dash indicates a pause in speech. |
Hame tamâm e ruz dar entezâr budand – yekdaf’e âmad. |
Throughout the day were all on hold – suddenly she came. |
An explanation of the foregoing is enclosed by dashes. |
Emruz sobh – hanuz sobhâne mixordam – be man telefon zad. |
This morning – I had breakfast yet – he called me. |
A speaker change may be indicated by a dash. |
Be pedar gofti? – Bale. |
Did you say it to the father? – Yes. |
Ellipsis (…)
Parts of the text could be left by an ellipsis. |
Piŝnahâd e Nasrin o … pazirofte ŝod. |
The proposal of Nasrin and … was accepted. |
A period is not needed for ellipsis at the end of the sentence. |
Bâzi e xub i bud … Fardâ cekâr mikoni? |
That was a good game … What are you doing tomorrow? |
Apostrophe (‘)
One or more letters of a word as well as one or more digits of a number can be skipped by an apostrophe. |
ci ast > ci ‘st |
va az > v’ az |
2012 > ’12 |
2012 > ’12 |
Brackets ()[]
The parentheses are used for explanatory additions. |
In ketâb râ (mote’assefâne) hanuz naxânde am. |
I have not read this book yet (unfortunately). |
If a complete sentence is enclosed in parentheses, then a period is placed before the second parenthesis. |
Diruz be bâzâr raftim. (Xaride xubi nabud.) |
Yesterday we went to the market. (It was not a good shopping.) |
Parentheses are also used to indicate an additional option. |
ru(y) > ru yâ ruy |
ru or ruy (the face) |
Square brackets are usually used to indicate a replacement option. |
ce[a]ŝm > ceŝm yâ caŝm |
ceŝm or caŝm (the eye) |
Slash (/)
Alternatives can be expressed by a slash. |
Vorudi e estaxr barâ ye bozorgsâlân / kudakân 12,000/8,000 Tumân ast. |
The admission of the swimming pool is 12,000/8,000 Tuman for adults/children. |